Fall of Weimar Republic essays

Fall of Weimar Republic papers In 1919, a crushed Germany had to desert government under the Kaiser, who had fled to Belgium and embrace the Weimar, a majority rule yet defective framework. Not long after Hitler and the Nazi Party showed up, and years after the fact the Weimar Republic fell. What represented the fall of the Weimar? My exposition will demonstrate that there was not a solitary explanation, however in certainty a progression of occasions that lead to the breakdown of the Weimar. President Ebert utilized the Freikorp, who were a conservative soldier of fortune unit, to put down the Spartacus uprising, a socialist roused upheaval. From that point forward, Ebert was constantly observed as an adversary according to the extraordinary left, thus subsequently the administration he spoke to, Weimar, was additionally found in a similar light. Next, the Kapp Putsch saw Dr. Kapp, pioneer of the Freikorp and an outrageous conservative, attempt to assume responsibility for Berlin with his hired fighters. This time Ebert utilized the moderate leftwing as the worker's guilds, to put down the revolt, by calling a general strike in the locale. This would bring about the traditional turning out to be against the new republic, alongside leftwing gatherings. However, perhaps the best danger for early Weimar Germany was the Treaty of Versailles. The bargain left the Weimar with an enormous obligation that she was probably not going to reimburse. The issues that were given to the new government and the occasions that happened as the new Republic was made can be viewed as a factor that lead to its in the long run defeat. Weimar Republics kind of government caused another issue. Its parliamentary framework was corresponding portrayal, permitting little, restricted gatherings, for example, the Nazis and Bavarian Peoples Party, to pick up seats in the Reichstag, increasing national acknowledgment and notoriety. No gathering at any point picked up lion's share government during the historical backdrop of the Republic, and this debilitated the administration. Relative portrayal was answerable for a progression of alliance governments, which controlled Germany t... <!

Ethics And Organizational Development Essays - Ethics, Free Essays

Morals And Organizational Development Essays - Ethics, Free Essays Morals And Organizational Development For some associations 'morals' is something to be characterized and overseen by senior administrators. Consider the contentions for and against this control-arranged position. In this day and age it is very pervasive to see an ever increasing number of individuals hungry to pick up progress at an ever-expanding rate. Current culture can and without a doubt is marked 'voracious' and 'neglectful'. Through my moderately brief timeframe spent in business, I have experienced huge numbers of these kinds of individuals. In any case, who are they hungry for? Who profits by their negligence, and for what reason do they do what they do? All the more significantly, who is to be faulted when things don't work out as expected? These are for the most part questions asked continually in the business area, questions that frequently appear to incorporate the word 'morals' in their answer. Regardless of whether we look to consequentialism and consistently think about the result of a specific activity, or fit in with a more deontological type of moral reasoning and spotlight on continually acting in a way that appears 'ok', I accept that an individual can't generally be 'moral', constantly. On the off chance that it were that simple, morals would be a little region of study. So what does the word 'moral' mean? To me, it is to consider each angle associated with some random circumstance, people groups' emotions, musings and prosperity, both now and later on, and go about as well as can be expected to accomplish the most acceptable result for all concerned. From my perspective, acting in a moral way originates from every single individual, each having gained from nature in which they have developed and created. Should the judgment, consequently, consistently be left to the person? This is positively not the situation, as an ever increasing number of associations in the business world create codes of morals that they anticipate that every part should follow. This definition and the executives of morals can be viewed as a control-situated position. This control worldview for authoritative morals is generally worried about removing the most ideal outcomes for the association overall. When acting inside a specific domain, be it neighborhood, national or worldwide, the association must be believed to be 'socially adequate'. I accept this thought of control of the association's personal responsibility along with keeping up a decent remaining in the open eye to be the primary factor for setting up these moral codes. Both of these must be accomplished through obviously characterized codes of morals from which people's jobs can adjust through a way of normalization. Be that as it may, through the implementation of moral codes, individuals deny to an essential degree of reasoning, judgment and going about as distinguished in Lawrence Kohlberg's pre-customary level. At the point when laid out plainly, it permits no place for singular idea or articulation, just remunerating great activities and rebuffing those that are terrible. Would it be able to be on the whole correct to control undertakings that include moral thinking by people? This is positively very different than, state, controlling how somebody works a specific machine. On the other hand, the self-rule worldview, present in certain associations' moral arrangements, is set up to advance individual study through their ethical idea and judgment. It underlines a sentiment of an 'ethical network', seen before in Kant's work, and from which Kohlberg built up his post-traditional level, that permits individuals to apply their own thinking to every day circumstances. As Durkheim recommends and with which I concur, people submit to the earth where they work and how others have recently thrown out standards and qualities. This applies to general circumstances and in this way the dominant part. At different occasions, in progressively complex circumstances, an individual would then be left to pick their own activities. McMahon recognizes that the authenticity of administrative power exists in an agreement or guarantee. A representative, accordingly, energetically submits to the contemplations and beliefs of the association when they sign the agreement of business. That is, the trading of work for compensation wherein business comprises includes a guarantee with respect to representatives to acknowledge the orders of directors. Undoubtedly, workers might be relied upon to utilize their own judgment in doing the undertakings alloted to them. In any case, if an administrative order clashes with a worker's judgment, the mandate must come first. In any case the representative is endeavoring to renege on an ethically official understanding (McMahon, 1989). While this in law is

Rescue Remedy Health Benefits and Uses

Rescue Remedy Health Benefits and Uses Holistic Health Print Can Rescue Remedy Relieve Stress? By Cathy Wong Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Richard Fogoros, MD on August 05, 2016 Richard N. Fogoros, MD, is a retired professor of medicine and board-certified internal medicine physician and cardiologist. He is Verywells Senior Medical Advisor. Learn about our Medical Review Board Richard Fogoros, MD Updated on February 03, 2020 Jill Ferry / Getty Images More in Self-Improvement Holistic Health Happiness Meditation Stress Management Spirituality Inspiration Brain Health Technology Relationships View All Rescue Remedy is a type of Bach Flower Remedy, a line of flower essences developed by Dr. Edward Bach in the 1920s and 1930s. The English physician believed that illnesses caused by negative emotions, like stress and depression, could be alleviated with flower essences, which are herbal infusions that are said to carry the vibrational energy and healing power of the infused flower.?? Flower essence is made by placing flowers in water and creating an infusion by exposing the mixture to sunlight or another heat source. The flowers are then discarded and the liquid is preserved (usually with alcohol), diluted, and stored in vials. While each flower essence product is traditionally made with a single type of flower, Rescue Remedy a special blend of five different wildflowers: rock rose, impatiens, clematis, star-of-Bethlehem, and cherry plum.?? Possible Health Benefits According to proponents, flower essences are a homeopathic treatment that can help relieve stress, which can have a negative impact on the immune system, leading to diabetes, obesity, and heart disease. Some types of flower essences are also said to promote healthy sleep, lessen anxiety, and soothe pain. Rescue Remedy, in particular, is said to provide calm and protect against anxiety during times of extreme stress. How Stress Impacts Your Health What the Research Says Despite claims for Rescue Remedys stress easing effects, scientific studies have shown mixed results, with many trials concluding that Rescue Remedy may be no more beneficial than a placebo when it comes to relieving stress. A 2010 review of randomized clinical trials found mostly no difference in stress or anxiety between those who took Rescue Remedy and those who took a placebo.?? Results like these make it difficult to pinpoint whether Rescue Remedy can make good on its promise to alleviate stress and anxiety. Possible Side Effects Although Rescue Remedy is generally considered safe?? (including for those on a gluten-free diet), people taking certain medications such as antibiotics like metronidazole or alcohol use disorder drug Antabuse (disulfiram) may experience nausea and/or vomiting because of the alcohol-based form of any flower essence. Rescue Remedy also comes in zero-proof versions preserved with vegetable glycerin instead of brandy, ideal for those who are pregnant or nursing, or for children. Dosage and Preparation Available in most health food stores, flower essences like Rescue Remedy are sold in liquid form with a recommended dose of four drops taken either directly on your tongue or mixed with water and sipped throughout the day. Bachs Rescue Remedy  is also available in spray, cream, gel, and balm forms.?? Always read labels before consuming them. A Word From Verywell Due to a lack of supporting research, its too soon to recommend Rescue Remedy as a treatment for any condition.  If youre considering using it, talk to your doctor before starting your supplement regimen. Keep in mind that Rescue Remedy should not be used as a substitute for standard care in the treatment of a chronic health condition. How Taking Supplements for Stress May Help

Racial Profiling Is A Bad Idea - 1128 Words

Gabbi Rodriguez Barber Expository Per; 6 12 December 2014 In a 2002 article, Angela A Davis argues how racial profiling is a bad idea because racial profiling does more harm than good and people don’t realize it. Statistics are very reliable such as; â€Å"The Department of Health and Human Services reports that 77% of monthly drug users are white.† We can’t say that Caucasian people aren’t ever racially profiled but you just don’t see or hear it often. This proves that Caucasians can do the same crimes as an African American or Hispanic person can. Racial Profiling is when a police officer or people focus on a certain race or look and they judge those people I think that racial profiling should be justified but only for certain types of laws. It should be justified because it’s a precaution and it helps to keep people safe. But I also think that it shouldn’t be justified because people never should be judged by their looks, color of their skin, religion or personal beliefs because if the pe rson is black or Arab/Muslim, it shouldn’t define who they are and it doesn’t make them a bad person. A white man can do the same exact crime as a Black, Hispanic, Muslim or an Asian man can. There’s a story of an African American actress named Daniele Watts, she got arrested for kissing her white boyfriend in his car. The cops thought that she was a prostitute because she is black and they had to question her boyfriend, Brian Lucas, if Daniele was actually his girlfriend. In an interviewShow MoreRelatedEssay on An Argument Against Racial Profiling878 Words   |  4 Pagesstereotypical views, that is when stereotyping becomes a big concern and can affect others.Stereotyping is the main cause that leads to profiling. Anyone of any race can experience profiling, and racial profiling discriminates and victimizes people who may not necessarily be committing a crime. Innocent minorities may be portrayed to do be doing something bad. According to Sameera Hazif, Policy Director of Rights Working Group, an African American named Mahari Bailey was driving in his Range RoverRead MoreRace After The Internet by Lisa Nakamura and Peter Chow-White 1411 Words   |  6 PagesWhat makes people think it is acceptable to racially profile others? In almost any situation whether it is in public, in your own home or the internet most people seem to partake in racial profiling in one way or another. Typically this is done by discriminating someone purely based off of skin color or by stereotypes they may have heard in the past. But what does the internet have to do with this? There are a couple instances which have been shown throughout the media that are good examples of thisRead MoreRacial Profiling Is A Social Issue1537 Words   |  7 PagesRacial Profiling is a social issue that is capturing more and more attention worldwide but especially by North Americans . Racial Profiling is the assumption that someone has committed a crime based on their physical appearance and the stigma that surrounds that culture or group. Racial profiling, therefore, affects everyone in society as it is about humanity. Everyone deserves the chance to be free of stereotypes and even those who aren’t amidst racial profiling should realise that they are affectedRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Racial Profiling1046 Words   |  5 PagesSection One: A social problem in the U.S that I will be discussing is racial profiling. Racial profiling has been a method that polices use to target suspicious individuals based on the stereotypes of their race, and I believe it is an immoral tactic. I never knew what racial profiling was until I was a senior year in high school and learned how injustice it was. I was disappointed I was not aware of this procedure, because this violates an individual’s physical appearance, and in the United StatesRead MoreEssay on Racial Profiling by Law Enforcement is Not Justified1063 Words   |  5 PagesWhen we are children we are taught not to judge a book by its cover, for most of us this is easier said than done. Racial profiling is something that affects millions of people in the United States alone. Seemingly innocent people are being targeted solely by the color of their skin and their nationality. Whether racial profiling somebody is appropriate or not is a topic widely discussed by individua ls everywhere. The question is however, is it right to judge somebody just because they look differentRead MoreRacial Profiling Or Prejudice Based Upon Race970 Words   |  4 Pagesthat racism is â€Å"Discrimination or prejudice based upon race. That is exactly what racial profiling is. I am not however arguing that if a person is robbed says the criminal who robbed them was an adult black male that the police should look for everyone other than an adult black male for that crime, but also not try and use that information to persecute younger black males. However, that is not considered profiling in that instance, it is not based on demographics or statistics, and it is based uponRead MoreRacial Profiling : The United States Essay1326 Words   |  6 PagesRacial Profiling The United States of America, a country founded on diversity, remains ingrained with hypocritical ideas with respect to its very foundations of freedom and independence. America shows no mercy in the prejudice actions towards its minorities. The United States of America contributes greatly towards the injustice of minorities and giving privilege towards its â€Å"native† people yet not all â€Å"natives† are greatly loved in the country as Neil Foley, author of Becoming Hispanic: MexicanRead MoreRacial Profiling In Cry, The Beloved Country By Alan Paton988 Words   |  4 Pagesprofiled them as being uneducated, poor, and criminals. Similarly, one of the key issues in America today is Racial Profiling which leads to white police officers shooting and sometimes killing blacks. This profiling is most likely the result of white police officers thinking that blacks are not educated, poor, and often commit crime. This essay will focus on the causes of racial profiling i n society and how it could be avoided in the future.   Ã‚  Ã‚   In the novel Cry, the Beloved Country Paton shows thatRead MoreRacial Profiling And The United States1560 Words   |  7 Pageslook suspicious. Whether the person is African American, Hispanic, Indian, or Muslim, racial profiling is wrong. With all of the recent controversy surrounding the problem, one would think that it would occur much less but that is not the case. Racial profiling has caused a recent uproar in America, and it has become the reason why many people have turned their backs on law enforcement for good. â€Å"Racial profiling is the discriminatory practice by law enforcement officials targeting individuals forRead More The War on Terrorism is an Attack on American Civil Liberties835 Words   |  4 Pagescountry has been forced to confront the issue of terrorism.   The war on terrorism has ignited a war on our civil liberties.   Our civil liberties have been affected by the passing of the Patriot Act, the violation of privacy, and an increase in racial profiling. Civil liberties have been affected immensely by the Patriot Act.   A brief definition of the Patriot Act is; uniting and strengthening America by providing appropriate tools required to intercept and obstruct terrorism.   The Patriot Act modifies

Symbols In The Great Gatsby - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 895 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/03/26 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Great Gatsby Essay Did you like this example? A symbol is a sound, object, or image that is often used by authors to represent beliefs or ideas that they want the readers to understand. In The Great Gatsby, author F. Scott Fitzgerald uses symbols to portray the kind of person Gatsby is and what would eventually lead to his end. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Symbols In The Great Gatsby" essay for you Create order Jay Gatsby is a rich man who obsesses over materialistic things in life and is trying to win young Daisys heart. The symbols Fitzgerald uses in his novel are the green light and Gatsbys flashy, luxurious car to show what really mattered to Gatsby and how it affected him. Fitzgerald uses Nick, Gatsbys friend, to describe Gatsby indirectly by commenting on his car. Gatsby shows up at Nicks house with his car, telling him they are going to grab some lunch together. Nick looks at Gatsbys car with admiration and describes it saying it is a rich cream color, bright with nickel, swollen here and there in its monstrous length with triumphant hat boxes and supper-boxes and tool-boxes (Fitzgerald 64). Based on Nicks description of Gatsbys car, it is clear that Gatsbys Rolls Royce is meant to be a very showy and very over the top. Nick describes Gatsbys car as this monstrous thing that is very flashy. He says it in a negative connotation with his word choices. He uses the words swollen, almost as if to describe Gatsby for being as someone who is puffed up and materialistic. That same day, Nick goes on to say that the car is, terraced with a labyrinth of windshields that mirrored a dozen suns (Fitzgerald 68). The fact that Gatsbys car windshields were mirrored and reflective in the sun, represents Gatsbys own hidden secret identity. During the 1920s, the car you owned, represented where you stand on the social status. Cars were still new and just introduced to the world. If you had a nice car, it showed that you were living the American Dream. Gatsby hid behind his large windshield, fools gold covered, monstrous car. Gatsbys car was widely known in town because of its appearance. Th e car symbolizes Gatsbys need for materialistic satisfactions and him appearing to be having the American Dream life. The second symbol is the green light that Gatsby sees in chapter 1. The green light represents Gatsbys hopes and dreams for the future. In chapter 1, Gatsbys neighbor, Nick, watches Gatsby one evening as he goes outside and watches the green light from his mansion. Nick says, he (Gatsby) stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way, and far as I was from him I could have sworn he was trembling. Involuntarily I glanced seawardand distinguished nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been the end of a dock. When I looked once more for Gatsby he had vanished, and I was alone again in the unquiet darkness (Fitzgerald 20). Nick sees Gatsby reach out towards a light. At first Nick isnt sure what Gatsby is looking at, but then he sees one tiny faraway light. Nick doesnt know why Gatsby is stretching his arms toward the light and is quite curious. Gatsby sees the green light all the time since his mansion faces it. The green light for him symbolizes a hope that he and Daisy will reunite and will fall in love once again one day. Later on in chapter five, Gatsby and Daisy go and look towards the green light together. If it wasnt for the mist we could see your home across the bay, said Gatsby. You always have a green light that burns all night at the end of your dock. Daisy put her arm through his abruptly, but he seemed absorbed in what he had just said. Possibly it had occurred to him that the colossal significance of that light had now vanished forever. Compared to the great distance that had separated him from Daisy it had seemed very near to her, almost touching her. It had seemed as close as a star to the moon. Now it was again a green light on a dock. His count of enchanted objects had diminished by one (Fitzgerald 94). Gatsby and Daisy watch towards the green light together. Gatsby is so in the moment and is soaking everything in. Gatsby and Daisy are finally together but it seems like the green light which symbolizes his dreams, vanishes. The question is, since the green light vanishes, does that mean that when you get your dream and finally achieve it, it somehow loses its meaning and value and disappears? Sometimes, people focus so much on what they want in life, their hopes and dreams lose their value because they dont appreciate what they have in their life at that moment. In conclusion, Fitzgerald uses other people around Gatsby, such as his friend Nick, to really give the readers an inside peek of Gatsbys American Dream. He also uses Gatsbys symbolic green light to symbolize a dream that in the end wasnt enough for Gatsby himself. People will go through any measures to attain that wealth and status. They will give up their morals and beliefs to try to gain something that in the end wont make the happy. True happiness isnt in wealth or status. True happiness is being content with what you have and being true to yourself.

Missionaries in Pre-Colonial and Early Colonial Nigeria...

Missionaries in Pre-Colonial and Early Colonial Nigeria In any study of colonial Nigeria, the groundwork accomplished by the missionaries in pre-colonial days must be a central concern. They were instrumental in setting the scene which would meet the colonists when they started arriving. Missionaries were used by the colonial power as an avant garde, to expand into new regions, a fact keenly displayed by Achebe in Things Fall Apart. For many Nigerians, missionaries were the first Europeans with whom they came into contact. The missionaries first made their presence felt through their work in abolishing the slave trade. As Crowder notes, they took the emphasis away from the human products of Africa in a bid to use more fully her†¦show more content†¦Missionary interest in Africa achieved a similar level of British evangelical militancy to that of the 1650s, when the Interregnum witnessed a proliferation of Religious sects in the wake of the English Civil War. In this atmosphere of religious zeal, the apparently barbaric and helpless Africans seemed an ideal area on which to demonstrate the benevolence of European society. The initial expeditionary feelers were sent out in 1841, approximately thirty years before serious colonisation began. The mission was funded by the Society for the Extinction of the Slave Trade and for the Civilisation of Africa, one of the many such societies in existence at this time. Dickens parodies these societies with acute insight in Bleak House with his portrayal of Telescopic Philanthropy and its attempts at educating the natives of Borrioboola-Gha, on the left bank of the Niger (Chapter 4). Crowder states that the expedition was the brain-child of men who were almost entirely ignorant of conditions in the interior of the Niger region (The Story of Nigeria, 112). When coupled with the ill-preparedness of the European administrators, this presents a potent image of the amateurish nature of early colonialism. It is an entirely different world to the image of Britain as a powerful imperialist nation, the very epitome of professionalism and skill.Show MoreRelatedPlace of Bilingualism in Nigeria3726 Words   |  15 PagesThe Practice of Bilingualism in Nigeria: Factors That Encourage Bilingualism – Before, During and After the Colonial Era A Term Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements of the Course: ENG 503: Bilingualism and Multilingualism June 2010 By Emmanuel U. Dimike 2009026016F Dimike, 2 INTRODUCTION In the world today, the number of people who use more than one language is greater than the number of people who use only one language. This study focuses on these people with more than one languageRead MoreImpact Of Colonialism And The Missionary Endeavor On Ibo Society1462 Words   |  6 PagesThe impact of colonialism and the missionary endeavor on Ibo society in ‘’Things Fall Apart’’ novel Introduction ‘’Things Fall Apart’’ novel tries to re-erect cultural, social as well as spiritual basics of traditional Igbo (Ibo) existence from the year 1850 and 1900. Conversely, the novel cannot be inferred like truthful societal and political olden times of Ibo society since it is a work of invented story. However, the novel describes disagreements and apprehensions in Igbo society. It also depictsRead MoreCrisis N Aguleri-Umuleri2395 Words   |  10 Pageswith reference to the pre-colonial era, to describe their nature and intensity, to present an account of the intervention strategies that have been tried, and to make recommendations. The Aguleri and Umuleri are of the same Igbo ethnic extraction and are predominantly Christians. The Aguleri and Umuleri towns are located in the southeastern part of Nigeria in Anambra State, close to the large town of Onitsha, which lies on the Niger River. In the southeastern part of Nigeria, they are consideredRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel Things Fall Apart 1435 Words   |  6 Pages1900. The novel cannot be fixed like truthful societal and political old times of Ibo society since it is a work of invented story. However, the novel describes disagreements and apprehensions in Igbo society. It also depicts changes initiated by colonial ruling and Christianity. The author mentions that European colonialism operates as a powerful as well as well-built mediator of the change within Ibo society. Additionally, Christianity attracted the trivial associates of the Igbo society. IgboRead MoreAchebe1599 Words   |  7 PagesApart Option 1 The late Chinua Achebe is considered to be one of the most important voices in African literature. Born in colonial Nigeria in the 1930’s, Achebe joined the first wave of African writers who were determined to represent their country in a way that would truthfully depict the past and present. Before the arrival of the first wave writers, the history of pre-colonial Africa was portrayed as a place of barbarous activity. European novelists such as Joseph Conrad only added to this impressionRead MoreHistory of Education in Northern Nigeria3189 Words   |  13 PagesHISTORY OF EDUCATION IN NORTHERN NIGERIA BY EMMANUEL IWUH/DI: 440 Being a Term Paper Submitted to the Philosophy Department of Dominican institute of Philosophy and Theology, Samonda Ibadan. (In affiliation to the university of Ibadan) In partial Fulfilment for the Award of Bachelor degree in Philosophy. COURSE: TEE/301 HISTORY OF NIGERIA EDUCATION LECTURER REV. FR. EMMANUEL OGU, OP (PhD) MAY, 2012. CONTENT Introduction 1. The word â€Å"education† 2. SpreadRead MoreColonialism in Africa Essay example2840 Words   |  12 Pagesinstability and hunger. These are the major characteristics that dominate most of the states within the continent as a whole. The question would be has it always been this way? Different debates and differences have been focused on the colonial legacy for post-colonial Africa and the nature of colonialism. Various characterizations and conceptions tend to differ considerably among the international relations and African scholars. Between 1800 and 1900, majority of the European powers colonizedRead MoreChinua Achebe As A Nigerian English Novelist Essay1874 Words   |  8 PagesCHINUA ACHEBE AS A NIGERIAN ENGLISH NOVELIST Abstract: Chinua Achebe is the most widely read African novelist in the world today. He has encompassed in his novels one century of history of Nigeria. Achebe highlights various aspects of the Ibo culture in his novels-â€Å"Things Fall Apart†, â€Å"No Longer at Ease†, â€Å"Arrow of God†, â€Å"A Man of the People† and â€Å"Anthills of Savannah†. He is regarded as the invention of the African literature. He takes pride in being ‘a teacher’ of his society and calls upon hisRead MoreThe Conflict Between Tradition And Western Influence On Nigeria1665 Words   |  7 Pagestalent and black pride like Nigeria.† There is certainly truth to these words. The west african country of Nigeria has proven itself to be a successful and enduring land. As the English began exploring and colonizing the land grounded in tradition and folklore, Nigeria effectively adapted and grew. Even when torn apart, Nigeria has pulled itself back together and grown stronger. There are many aspects to Nigeria’s culture that are worth considering. But one aspect of Nigeria has proven itself to be richRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1829 Words   |  8 Pagesand 1900. The novel cannot be fixed like other societal and political old times of Ibo society since it is a fictional novel. However, the novel describes disagreements and anxiety that occurred in Igbo society. It also shows changes initiated by colonial ruling and Christianity. Colonialism affected the people in the Ibo society by destroying of their family’s relationships, friendships, their religion or even created fights between the tribes. Additionally, Christianity attracted the people of the

Security in Internet of Things (IOT)

Question: Discuss about the Security in Internet of Things (IOT). Answer: Introduction The essay is going to depict different security issues relevant to Internet of Things (IOT) and its mitigation processes. Internet of things is a proposed innovation of internet services in which the daily objectives set an organized network connectivity service (Xu, Wendt and Potkonjak 2014). It is increasing in a rapid manner all over the world in workplaces and also for personal uses. In order to build connectivity between the virtual and the real world IOT is used. Mitigation techniques for IOT are going to be illustrated in this essay and network architecture will be proposed to IOT application. The security problems relevant to Internet of Things Every technology has some positive and some negative impact on the field of application. The issues relevant to IOT are provided below: Constraints of high technical nature: As the system includes many traits those are highly technical in nature. Therefore, it required high level privacy in order to balance the security of the application (Yang et al. 2015). The heterogeneous nature of the system and the objective are coming low resource need to be more secure than any other systems. Real time analysis threat: Again the system is adopting cloud service technology in order to improve it from all the technical perspectives. Thus, it might face security threats due to the absence of proper infrastructure. Real time analysis of the data stored in the system of Internet of things from different devices requirement of the cloud service is massive (Premnath and Haas 2015). If the system does not use cloud service then, the storage capacity of the system will come as a biggest threat. Non flexible security: If the security mechanism of the system is not enough updated then, it would not be flexible and reliable from the user aspects. Thus, it can be said that another security relevant issue is the non flexible connectivity of the network. Personal data of the users can be encrypted by the Pervasive environment: Another major security relevant issue is the environment of Internet of things. A secure channel of communication along with the authenticated devices are needed else during transmission of data it might get hacked by the hackers. Security of the system is the most important thing (Lee, Park and Kim 2015). Thus, cloning of the smart devices by manufacturer may be come up as another major security relevant issue (Refer to Appendix 1). Reasons of existence of security issues in Internet of Things There are certain reasons for which the security issue in IOT is found. Applying some of the practices it has been accounted that the substantial reengineering is strictly merged to the devices. In case of factory floor automation systems different programmable logic controllers are embedded to it and finally that operate as a robotic system (Wurm et al. 2016). The robotic system is closely integrated to the IT application field. Unlimited application of various kinds of IOT possesses massive range of security lack. The reasons are as followed: The security issues or challenges exist in IOT It is one of the most dedicated sections of technology application. IOT is relevant to security booting of electronic devices (Zheng et al. 2013). At the same time, it can be said that, being the most widely used technologies the chances of issue occurrence is also most in case of IOT application. Among most of the commonly observed security issues certain issues are discussed below: Hacking: Sometimes, unauthorized people hack user data, password, confidential information etc which is the major security issue of IOT application. Different devices have different processing capabilities: Internet of things (IOT) provides platforms where the devices, manufactured by different manufacturer, connected via internet sources and are able to communicate with each other. Lack of common industry based practices: Due to lack of common industry based practices the application of IOT brings a major security challenge to the users as well as to the manufacturer (Tsai et al. 2015). Therefore, while implementing IOT in any particular application field such as smart home, smart wear, and smart city etc the issue occurs. Connectivity options: As, in case of building of first smart home, a secure network connectivity is required but in most of the cases the network security is found to accessible by unauthorized people. Thus it is another major issue regarding IOT. No future proof: Though IOT application involves modern emerging technologies but due to lack of expertise teams the application is unable to proof strong and secure future (Wurm et al. 2016). The controlled security system includes evolutionary network system in a parallel manner, thus future security of the network connectivity is another major issue. Analysis of a major security issue in IOT The security industry is already familiar to the potential weaknesses such as authentication, encryption etc that affect the IOT system (Ren et al. 2014). Among all the above mentioned security issues the most important issue that is needed to mitigate as soon as possible is authentication issue. In this case unauthorized person can fetch the data from the users without his or her permission. Analysis of hacking issue in IOT The behavior of the IOT devices can be changed by the attackers in many ways. The attacks become more and more difficult in case of physical accesses. Existence of other attacks is also dangerous that took place via internet services basically from different remote locations (Riahi et al. 2014). At the same time, attacks through network might also become serious issue of IOT application. Local attacks such as attack through internet, LAN and Ethernet also might hamper the over service of Internet of things (Yousuf et al. 2015). The devices used for the IOT can be accessed by unauthorized people through either internet, WI FI or via any malware attack. In most of the application fields of IOT two device modes are used such as cloud polling and direct polling. Based on the function dependency the devices use their fields. In cloud polling the devices are strictly and continuously get connected to the cloud platform. During application, the devices are sometimes search for new firmware to apply in the application field and via that version while downloading or installing important software the attackers may attack the device (Suh et al. 2013). Unauthorized users can also become authenticated by using self signed certificate for example SSL (secure socket layer). The certificates will help them to attack the user devices through HTTP connections. Some cases the users devices uses certain verification protocols (Zheng et al. 2013). The protocols do not allow unauthenticated users to access the data but some devices do not have the license to use the verification protocol. In recent cases it has been found that hackers use some crypto protocols or algorithms that can corrupt the complete user devices of IOT. In this case, when the server request the clients for a particular website and the user without any verification access the web address, the attackers send a malware virus through HTTP. The malware then encrypts the programs or files or sometimes the complete OS with its encryption key (Premnath and Haas 2015). The keys used by the attackers are not shared keys these are private key that cannot be access by any other person. This process is known as Crypto Locker process. Therefore, security has become one of the major issues in IOT. Description and security issue resolving processes of IOT In order to mitigate these issues some resolving procedures are also provided. The mitigation techniques are as followed: Effectiveness of advanced resource constraints: IOT is basically resource based constrained network which is efficiently applicable in low bandwidth utilizing communication channels. Firstly, this protocol is able to segment large data packets in small parts and therefore the chances of attacks also reduced in a large rate (Lee, Park and Kim 2015). It consists of advanced cryptographic protocols over the network communication. As the IOT based devices are owned by organizations and by individuals therefore, the data generated by the devices needs proper identity to overcome unauthenticated attacks. Cost deployment in end to end security in IOT: Though cost deployment is a distinct process that helps to innovate, effective and specified application in the field of IOT but it also provides a secure end to end connectivity over the network. According to Raza, Voigt and Jutvik (2012), sometimes innovations increases the productivity cost but in wireless crypto protocols it always provides a secure end to end communication network to the users. Proposed IOT architecture In order to overcome all the security challenges a network architecture model is proposed which is cost effective and efficient as well. In IOT, the systems get attacked by the hackers and at the same time the users are also get affected due to this. During the application of this network model, major security level issues can be reduces in a large amount. According to the model it is a four layered architecture where the initial layer is strictly connected to the rest of the layers. The root layer is sensor and actuator layer which is bi- directionally connected to the IOT devices (Farooq et al. 2015). As the connection is bi-directional thus both the layers have the capabilities to access each other as per their requirements. Then, the IOT devices are bi-directionally connected to the IOT gateway via z-wave, ZigBee or BLE. The IOT gateway has the accessibility power, which can access the IOT platform (containing DBMS, rules engines, Device management systems, rest services- data straeming) via WI FI, GPRS, CoAP. In this architecture, external access is also possible with the help of Email, Call, SMS and Push thus, this is found to be one of the most efficient and security issue resolving architecture (Refer to appendix 2). Conclusion From the above discussion it can be concluded that the security is one of the most important part to be considered while implementing IOT. Several issues and challenges relevant to this are occurring in every day application field. In this essay many security challenges along with security mitigation processes are also illustrated. In addition to this, a new secured architecture is also proposed to IOT. References Elloumi, O., Song, J., Ghamri-Doudane, Y. and Leung, V.C., 2015. IoT/M2M from research to standards: The next steps (part II)[Guest Editorial].IEEE Communications Magazine,53(12), pp.10-11. Farooq, M.U., Waseem, M., Khairi, A. and Mazhar, S., 2015. A critical analysis on the security concerns of internet of things (IoT).International Journal of Computer Applications,111(7). Lee, Y., Park, Y. and Kim, D., 2015, November. Security Threats Analysis and Considerations for Internet of Things. In2015 8th International Conference on Security Technology (SecTech)(pp. 28-30). IEEE. Premnath, S.N. and Haas, Z.J., 2015. Security and privacy in the internet-of-things under time-and-budget-limited adversary model.IEEE Wireless Communications Letters,4(3), pp.277-280. Raza, S., Voigt, T. and Jutvik, V., 2012, March. Lightweight IKEv2: a key management solution for both the compressed IPsec and the IEEE 802.15. 4 security. InProceedings of the IETF workshop on smart object security. Ren, K., Samarati, P., Gruteser, M., Ning, P. and Liu, Y., 2014. Guest Editorial Special Issue on Security for IoT: The State of the Art.IEEE Internet of Things Journal,1(5), pp.369-371. Riahi, A., Natalizio, E., Challal, Y., Mitton, N. and Iera, A., 2014, February. A systemic and cognitive approach for IoT security. InComputing, Networking and Communications (ICNC), 2014 International Conference on(pp. 183-188). IEEE. Suh, H.J., Lee, D.G., Choe, J.S. and Kim, H.W., 2013. IoT security technology trends.The Korea Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science,24(4), pp.27-35. Tsai, C.R., Hsiao, M.C., Shen, W.C., Wu, A.Y.A. and Cheng, C.M., 2015, May. A 1.96 mm 2 low-latency multi-mode crypto-coprocessor for PKC-based IoT security protocols. In2015 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)(pp. 834-837). IEEE. Wurm, J., Hoang, K., Arias, O., Sadeghi, A.R. and Jin, Y., 2016, January. Security analysis on consumer and industrial iot devices. In2016 21st Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)(pp. 519-524). IEEE. Xu, T., Wendt, J.B. and Potkonjak, M., 2014, November. Security of IoT systems: Design challenges and opportunities. InProceedings of the 2014 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design(pp. 417-423). IEEE Press. Yang, J.S., Lee, H.J., Park, M.W. and Eom, J.H., 2015. Security Threats on National Defense ICT based on IoT.Advanced Science and Technology Letters,97, pp.94-98. Yousuf, T., Mahmoud, R., Aloul, F. and Zualkernan, I., 2015. Internet of Things (IoT) Security: Current Status, Challenges and Countermeasures. Zheng, R., Zhang, M., Wu, Q., Yang, C., Wei, W., Zhang, D. and Ma, Z., 2013. An IOT Security Risk Autonomic Assessment Algorithm.Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,11(2), pp.819-826.