Fall of Weimar Republic essays

Fall of Weimar Republic papers In 1919, a crushed Germany had to desert government under the Kaiser, who had fled to Belgium and embrace the Weimar, a majority rule yet defective framework. Not long after Hitler and the Nazi Party showed up, and years after the fact the Weimar Republic fell. What represented the fall of the Weimar? My exposition will demonstrate that there was not a solitary explanation, however in certainty a progression of occasions that lead to the breakdown of the Weimar. President Ebert utilized the Freikorp, who were a conservative soldier of fortune unit, to put down the Spartacus uprising, a socialist roused upheaval. From that point forward, Ebert was constantly observed as an adversary according to the extraordinary left, thus subsequently the administration he spoke to, Weimar, was additionally found in a similar light. Next, the Kapp Putsch saw Dr. Kapp, pioneer of the Freikorp and an outrageous conservative, attempt to assume responsibility for Berlin with his hired fighters. This time Ebert utilized the moderate leftwing as the worker's guilds, to put down the revolt, by calling a general strike in the locale. This would bring about the traditional turning out to be against the new republic, alongside leftwing gatherings. However, perhaps the best danger for early Weimar Germany was the Treaty of Versailles. The bargain left the Weimar with an enormous obligation that she was probably not going to reimburse. The issues that were given to the new government and the occasions that happened as the new Republic was made can be viewed as a factor that lead to its in the long run defeat. Weimar Republics kind of government caused another issue. Its parliamentary framework was corresponding portrayal, permitting little, restricted gatherings, for example, the Nazis and Bavarian Peoples Party, to pick up seats in the Reichstag, increasing national acknowledgment and notoriety. No gathering at any point picked up lion's share government during the historical backdrop of the Republic, and this debilitated the administration. Relative portrayal was answerable for a progression of alliance governments, which controlled Germany t... <!

Ethics And Organizational Development Essays - Ethics, Free Essays

Morals And Organizational Development Essays - Ethics, Free Essays Morals And Organizational Development For some associations 'morals' is something to be characterized and overseen by senior administrators. Consider the contentions for and against this control-arranged position. In this day and age it is very pervasive to see an ever increasing number of individuals hungry to pick up progress at an ever-expanding rate. Current culture can and without a doubt is marked 'voracious' and 'neglectful'. Through my moderately brief timeframe spent in business, I have experienced huge numbers of these kinds of individuals. In any case, who are they hungry for? Who profits by their negligence, and for what reason do they do what they do? All the more significantly, who is to be faulted when things don't work out as expected? These are for the most part questions asked continually in the business area, questions that frequently appear to incorporate the word 'morals' in their answer. Regardless of whether we look to consequentialism and consistently think about the result of a specific activity, or fit in with a more deontological type of moral reasoning and spotlight on continually acting in a way that appears 'ok', I accept that an individual can't generally be 'moral', constantly. On the off chance that it were that simple, morals would be a little region of study. So what does the word 'moral' mean? To me, it is to consider each angle associated with some random circumstance, people groups' emotions, musings and prosperity, both now and later on, and go about as well as can be expected to accomplish the most acceptable result for all concerned. From my perspective, acting in a moral way originates from every single individual, each having gained from nature in which they have developed and created. Should the judgment, consequently, consistently be left to the person? This is positively not the situation, as an ever increasing number of associations in the business world create codes of morals that they anticipate that every part should follow. This definition and the executives of morals can be viewed as a control-situated position. This control worldview for authoritative morals is generally worried about removing the most ideal outcomes for the association overall. When acting inside a specific domain, be it neighborhood, national or worldwide, the association must be believed to be 'socially adequate'. I accept this thought of control of the association's personal responsibility along with keeping up a decent remaining in the open eye to be the primary factor for setting up these moral codes. Both of these must be accomplished through obviously characterized codes of morals from which people's jobs can adjust through a way of normalization. Be that as it may, through the implementation of moral codes, individuals deny to an essential degree of reasoning, judgment and going about as distinguished in Lawrence Kohlberg's pre-customary level. At the point when laid out plainly, it permits no place for singular idea or articulation, just remunerating great activities and rebuffing those that are terrible. Would it be able to be on the whole correct to control undertakings that include moral thinking by people? This is positively very different than, state, controlling how somebody works a specific machine. On the other hand, the self-rule worldview, present in certain associations' moral arrangements, is set up to advance individual study through their ethical idea and judgment. It underlines a sentiment of an 'ethical network', seen before in Kant's work, and from which Kohlberg built up his post-traditional level, that permits individuals to apply their own thinking to every day circumstances. As Durkheim recommends and with which I concur, people submit to the earth where they work and how others have recently thrown out standards and qualities. This applies to general circumstances and in this way the dominant part. At different occasions, in progressively complex circumstances, an individual would then be left to pick their own activities. McMahon recognizes that the authenticity of administrative power exists in an agreement or guarantee. A representative, accordingly, energetically submits to the contemplations and beliefs of the association when they sign the agreement of business. That is, the trading of work for compensation wherein business comprises includes a guarantee with respect to representatives to acknowledge the orders of directors. Undoubtedly, workers might be relied upon to utilize their own judgment in doing the undertakings alloted to them. In any case, if an administrative order clashes with a worker's judgment, the mandate must come first. In any case the representative is endeavoring to renege on an ethically official understanding (McMahon, 1989). While this in law is

Rescue Remedy Health Benefits and Uses

Rescue Remedy Health Benefits and Uses Holistic Health Print Can Rescue Remedy Relieve Stress? By Cathy Wong Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Richard Fogoros, MD on August 05, 2016 Richard N. Fogoros, MD, is a retired professor of medicine and board-certified internal medicine physician and cardiologist. He is Verywells Senior Medical Advisor. Learn about our Medical Review Board Richard Fogoros, MD Updated on February 03, 2020 Jill Ferry / Getty Images More in Self-Improvement Holistic Health Happiness Meditation Stress Management Spirituality Inspiration Brain Health Technology Relationships View All Rescue Remedy is a type of Bach Flower Remedy, a line of flower essences developed by Dr. Edward Bach in the 1920s and 1930s. The English physician believed that illnesses caused by negative emotions, like stress and depression, could be alleviated with flower essences, which are herbal infusions that are said to carry the vibrational energy and healing power of the infused flower.?? Flower essence is made by placing flowers in water and creating an infusion by exposing the mixture to sunlight or another heat source. The flowers are then discarded and the liquid is preserved (usually with alcohol), diluted, and stored in vials. While each flower essence product is traditionally made with a single type of flower, Rescue Remedy a special blend of five different wildflowers: rock rose, impatiens, clematis, star-of-Bethlehem, and cherry plum.?? Possible Health Benefits According to proponents, flower essences are a homeopathic treatment that can help relieve stress, which can have a negative impact on the immune system, leading to diabetes, obesity, and heart disease. Some types of flower essences are also said to promote healthy sleep, lessen anxiety, and soothe pain. Rescue Remedy, in particular, is said to provide calm and protect against anxiety during times of extreme stress. How Stress Impacts Your Health What the Research Says Despite claims for Rescue Remedys stress easing effects, scientific studies have shown mixed results, with many trials concluding that Rescue Remedy may be no more beneficial than a placebo when it comes to relieving stress. A 2010 review of randomized clinical trials found mostly no difference in stress or anxiety between those who took Rescue Remedy and those who took a placebo.?? Results like these make it difficult to pinpoint whether Rescue Remedy can make good on its promise to alleviate stress and anxiety. Possible Side Effects Although Rescue Remedy is generally considered safe?? (including for those on a gluten-free diet), people taking certain medications such as antibiotics like metronidazole or alcohol use disorder drug Antabuse (disulfiram) may experience nausea and/or vomiting because of the alcohol-based form of any flower essence. Rescue Remedy also comes in zero-proof versions preserved with vegetable glycerin instead of brandy, ideal for those who are pregnant or nursing, or for children. Dosage and Preparation Available in most health food stores, flower essences like Rescue Remedy are sold in liquid form with a recommended dose of four drops taken either directly on your tongue or mixed with water and sipped throughout the day. Bachs Rescue Remedy  is also available in spray, cream, gel, and balm forms.?? Always read labels before consuming them. A Word From Verywell Due to a lack of supporting research, its too soon to recommend Rescue Remedy as a treatment for any condition.  If youre considering using it, talk to your doctor before starting your supplement regimen. Keep in mind that Rescue Remedy should not be used as a substitute for standard care in the treatment of a chronic health condition. How Taking Supplements for Stress May Help

Racial Profiling Is A Bad Idea - 1128 Words

Gabbi Rodriguez Barber Expository Per; 6 12 December 2014 In a 2002 article, Angela A Davis argues how racial profiling is a bad idea because racial profiling does more harm than good and people don’t realize it. Statistics are very reliable such as; â€Å"The Department of Health and Human Services reports that 77% of monthly drug users are white.† We can’t say that Caucasian people aren’t ever racially profiled but you just don’t see or hear it often. This proves that Caucasians can do the same crimes as an African American or Hispanic person can. Racial Profiling is when a police officer or people focus on a certain race or look and they judge those people I think that racial profiling should be justified but only for certain types of laws. It should be justified because it’s a precaution and it helps to keep people safe. But I also think that it shouldn’t be justified because people never should be judged by their looks, color of their skin, religion or personal beliefs because if the pe rson is black or Arab/Muslim, it shouldn’t define who they are and it doesn’t make them a bad person. A white man can do the same exact crime as a Black, Hispanic, Muslim or an Asian man can. There’s a story of an African American actress named Daniele Watts, she got arrested for kissing her white boyfriend in his car. The cops thought that she was a prostitute because she is black and they had to question her boyfriend, Brian Lucas, if Daniele was actually his girlfriend. In an interviewShow MoreRelatedEssay on An Argument Against Racial Profiling878 Words   |  4 Pagesstereotypical views, that is when stereotyping becomes a big concern and can affect others.Stereotyping is the main cause that leads to profiling. Anyone of any race can experience profiling, and racial profiling discriminates and victimizes people who may not necessarily be committing a crime. Innocent minorities may be portrayed to do be doing something bad. According to Sameera Hazif, Policy Director of Rights Working Group, an African American named Mahari Bailey was driving in his Range RoverRead MoreRace After The Internet by Lisa Nakamura and Peter Chow-White 1411 Words   |  6 PagesWhat makes people think it is acceptable to racially profile others? In almost any situation whether it is in public, in your own home or the internet most people seem to partake in racial profiling in one way or another. Typically this is done by discriminating someone purely based off of skin color or by stereotypes they may have heard in the past. But what does the internet have to do with this? There are a couple instances which have been shown throughout the media that are good examples of thisRead MoreRacial Profiling Is A Social Issue1537 Words   |  7 PagesRacial Profiling is a social issue that is capturing more and more attention worldwide but especially by North Americans . Racial Profiling is the assumption that someone has committed a crime based on their physical appearance and the stigma that surrounds that culture or group. Racial profiling, therefore, affects everyone in society as it is about humanity. Everyone deserves the chance to be free of stereotypes and even those who aren’t amidst racial profiling should realise that they are affectedRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Racial Profiling1046 Words   |  5 PagesSection One: A social problem in the U.S that I will be discussing is racial profiling. Racial profiling has been a method that polices use to target suspicious individuals based on the stereotypes of their race, and I believe it is an immoral tactic. I never knew what racial profiling was until I was a senior year in high school and learned how injustice it was. I was disappointed I was not aware of this procedure, because this violates an individual’s physical appearance, and in the United StatesRead MoreEssay on Racial Profiling by Law Enforcement is Not Justified1063 Words   |  5 PagesWhen we are children we are taught not to judge a book by its cover, for most of us this is easier said than done. Racial profiling is something that affects millions of people in the United States alone. Seemingly innocent people are being targeted solely by the color of their skin and their nationality. Whether racial profiling somebody is appropriate or not is a topic widely discussed by individua ls everywhere. The question is however, is it right to judge somebody just because they look differentRead MoreRacial Profiling Or Prejudice Based Upon Race970 Words   |  4 Pagesthat racism is â€Å"Discrimination or prejudice based upon race. That is exactly what racial profiling is. I am not however arguing that if a person is robbed says the criminal who robbed them was an adult black male that the police should look for everyone other than an adult black male for that crime, but also not try and use that information to persecute younger black males. However, that is not considered profiling in that instance, it is not based on demographics or statistics, and it is based uponRead MoreRacial Profiling : The United States Essay1326 Words   |  6 PagesRacial Profiling The United States of America, a country founded on diversity, remains ingrained with hypocritical ideas with respect to its very foundations of freedom and independence. America shows no mercy in the prejudice actions towards its minorities. The United States of America contributes greatly towards the injustice of minorities and giving privilege towards its â€Å"native† people yet not all â€Å"natives† are greatly loved in the country as Neil Foley, author of Becoming Hispanic: MexicanRead MoreRacial Profiling In Cry, The Beloved Country By Alan Paton988 Words   |  4 Pagesprofiled them as being uneducated, poor, and criminals. Similarly, one of the key issues in America today is Racial Profiling which leads to white police officers shooting and sometimes killing blacks. This profiling is most likely the result of white police officers thinking that blacks are not educated, poor, and often commit crime. This essay will focus on the causes of racial profiling i n society and how it could be avoided in the future.   Ã‚  Ã‚   In the novel Cry, the Beloved Country Paton shows thatRead MoreRacial Profiling And The United States1560 Words   |  7 Pageslook suspicious. Whether the person is African American, Hispanic, Indian, or Muslim, racial profiling is wrong. With all of the recent controversy surrounding the problem, one would think that it would occur much less but that is not the case. Racial profiling has caused a recent uproar in America, and it has become the reason why many people have turned their backs on law enforcement for good. â€Å"Racial profiling is the discriminatory practice by law enforcement officials targeting individuals forRead More The War on Terrorism is an Attack on American Civil Liberties835 Words   |  4 Pagescountry has been forced to confront the issue of terrorism.   The war on terrorism has ignited a war on our civil liberties.   Our civil liberties have been affected by the passing of the Patriot Act, the violation of privacy, and an increase in racial profiling. Civil liberties have been affected immensely by the Patriot Act.   A brief definition of the Patriot Act is; uniting and strengthening America by providing appropriate tools required to intercept and obstruct terrorism.   The Patriot Act modifies

Symbols In The Great Gatsby - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 895 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/03/26 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Great Gatsby Essay Did you like this example? A symbol is a sound, object, or image that is often used by authors to represent beliefs or ideas that they want the readers to understand. In The Great Gatsby, author F. Scott Fitzgerald uses symbols to portray the kind of person Gatsby is and what would eventually lead to his end. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Symbols In The Great Gatsby" essay for you Create order Jay Gatsby is a rich man who obsesses over materialistic things in life and is trying to win young Daisys heart. The symbols Fitzgerald uses in his novel are the green light and Gatsbys flashy, luxurious car to show what really mattered to Gatsby and how it affected him. Fitzgerald uses Nick, Gatsbys friend, to describe Gatsby indirectly by commenting on his car. Gatsby shows up at Nicks house with his car, telling him they are going to grab some lunch together. Nick looks at Gatsbys car with admiration and describes it saying it is a rich cream color, bright with nickel, swollen here and there in its monstrous length with triumphant hat boxes and supper-boxes and tool-boxes (Fitzgerald 64). Based on Nicks description of Gatsbys car, it is clear that Gatsbys Rolls Royce is meant to be a very showy and very over the top. Nick describes Gatsbys car as this monstrous thing that is very flashy. He says it in a negative connotation with his word choices. He uses the words swollen, almost as if to describe Gatsby for being as someone who is puffed up and materialistic. That same day, Nick goes on to say that the car is, terraced with a labyrinth of windshields that mirrored a dozen suns (Fitzgerald 68). The fact that Gatsbys car windshields were mirrored and reflective in the sun, represents Gatsbys own hidden secret identity. During the 1920s, the car you owned, represented where you stand on the social status. Cars were still new and just introduced to the world. If you had a nice car, it showed that you were living the American Dream. Gatsby hid behind his large windshield, fools gold covered, monstrous car. Gatsbys car was widely known in town because of its appearance. Th e car symbolizes Gatsbys need for materialistic satisfactions and him appearing to be having the American Dream life. The second symbol is the green light that Gatsby sees in chapter 1. The green light represents Gatsbys hopes and dreams for the future. In chapter 1, Gatsbys neighbor, Nick, watches Gatsby one evening as he goes outside and watches the green light from his mansion. Nick says, he (Gatsby) stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way, and far as I was from him I could have sworn he was trembling. Involuntarily I glanced seawardand distinguished nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been the end of a dock. When I looked once more for Gatsby he had vanished, and I was alone again in the unquiet darkness (Fitzgerald 20). Nick sees Gatsby reach out towards a light. At first Nick isnt sure what Gatsby is looking at, but then he sees one tiny faraway light. Nick doesnt know why Gatsby is stretching his arms toward the light and is quite curious. Gatsby sees the green light all the time since his mansion faces it. The green light for him symbolizes a hope that he and Daisy will reunite and will fall in love once again one day. Later on in chapter five, Gatsby and Daisy go and look towards the green light together. If it wasnt for the mist we could see your home across the bay, said Gatsby. You always have a green light that burns all night at the end of your dock. Daisy put her arm through his abruptly, but he seemed absorbed in what he had just said. Possibly it had occurred to him that the colossal significance of that light had now vanished forever. Compared to the great distance that had separated him from Daisy it had seemed very near to her, almost touching her. It had seemed as close as a star to the moon. Now it was again a green light on a dock. His count of enchanted objects had diminished by one (Fitzgerald 94). Gatsby and Daisy watch towards the green light together. Gatsby is so in the moment and is soaking everything in. Gatsby and Daisy are finally together but it seems like the green light which symbolizes his dreams, vanishes. The question is, since the green light vanishes, does that mean that when you get your dream and finally achieve it, it somehow loses its meaning and value and disappears? Sometimes, people focus so much on what they want in life, their hopes and dreams lose their value because they dont appreciate what they have in their life at that moment. In conclusion, Fitzgerald uses other people around Gatsby, such as his friend Nick, to really give the readers an inside peek of Gatsbys American Dream. He also uses Gatsbys symbolic green light to symbolize a dream that in the end wasnt enough for Gatsby himself. People will go through any measures to attain that wealth and status. They will give up their morals and beliefs to try to gain something that in the end wont make the happy. True happiness isnt in wealth or status. True happiness is being content with what you have and being true to yourself.

Missionaries in Pre-Colonial and Early Colonial Nigeria...

Missionaries in Pre-Colonial and Early Colonial Nigeria In any study of colonial Nigeria, the groundwork accomplished by the missionaries in pre-colonial days must be a central concern. They were instrumental in setting the scene which would meet the colonists when they started arriving. Missionaries were used by the colonial power as an avant garde, to expand into new regions, a fact keenly displayed by Achebe in Things Fall Apart. For many Nigerians, missionaries were the first Europeans with whom they came into contact. The missionaries first made their presence felt through their work in abolishing the slave trade. As Crowder notes, they took the emphasis away from the human products of Africa in a bid to use more fully her†¦show more content†¦Missionary interest in Africa achieved a similar level of British evangelical militancy to that of the 1650s, when the Interregnum witnessed a proliferation of Religious sects in the wake of the English Civil War. In this atmosphere of religious zeal, the apparently barbaric and helpless Africans seemed an ideal area on which to demonstrate the benevolence of European society. The initial expeditionary feelers were sent out in 1841, approximately thirty years before serious colonisation began. The mission was funded by the Society for the Extinction of the Slave Trade and for the Civilisation of Africa, one of the many such societies in existence at this time. Dickens parodies these societies with acute insight in Bleak House with his portrayal of Telescopic Philanthropy and its attempts at educating the natives of Borrioboola-Gha, on the left bank of the Niger (Chapter 4). Crowder states that the expedition was the brain-child of men who were almost entirely ignorant of conditions in the interior of the Niger region (The Story of Nigeria, 112). When coupled with the ill-preparedness of the European administrators, this presents a potent image of the amateurish nature of early colonialism. It is an entirely different world to the image of Britain as a powerful imperialist nation, the very epitome of professionalism and skill.Show MoreRelatedPlace of Bilingualism in Nigeria3726 Words   |  15 PagesThe Practice of Bilingualism in Nigeria: Factors That Encourage Bilingualism – Before, During and After the Colonial Era A Term Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements of the Course: ENG 503: Bilingualism and Multilingualism June 2010 By Emmanuel U. Dimike 2009026016F Dimike, 2 INTRODUCTION In the world today, the number of people who use more than one language is greater than the number of people who use only one language. This study focuses on these people with more than one languageRead MoreImpact Of Colonialism And The Missionary Endeavor On Ibo Society1462 Words   |  6 PagesThe impact of colonialism and the missionary endeavor on Ibo society in ‘’Things Fall Apart’’ novel Introduction ‘’Things Fall Apart’’ novel tries to re-erect cultural, social as well as spiritual basics of traditional Igbo (Ibo) existence from the year 1850 and 1900. Conversely, the novel cannot be inferred like truthful societal and political olden times of Ibo society since it is a work of invented story. However, the novel describes disagreements and apprehensions in Igbo society. It also depictsRead MoreCrisis N Aguleri-Umuleri2395 Words   |  10 Pageswith reference to the pre-colonial era, to describe their nature and intensity, to present an account of the intervention strategies that have been tried, and to make recommendations. The Aguleri and Umuleri are of the same Igbo ethnic extraction and are predominantly Christians. The Aguleri and Umuleri towns are located in the southeastern part of Nigeria in Anambra State, close to the large town of Onitsha, which lies on the Niger River. In the southeastern part of Nigeria, they are consideredRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel Things Fall Apart 1435 Words   |  6 Pages1900. The novel cannot be fixed like truthful societal and political old times of Ibo society since it is a work of invented story. However, the novel describes disagreements and apprehensions in Igbo society. It also depicts changes initiated by colonial ruling and Christianity. The author mentions that European colonialism operates as a powerful as well as well-built mediator of the change within Ibo society. Additionally, Christianity attracted the trivial associates of the Igbo society. IgboRead MoreAchebe1599 Words   |  7 PagesApart Option 1 The late Chinua Achebe is considered to be one of the most important voices in African literature. Born in colonial Nigeria in the 1930’s, Achebe joined the first wave of African writers who were determined to represent their country in a way that would truthfully depict the past and present. Before the arrival of the first wave writers, the history of pre-colonial Africa was portrayed as a place of barbarous activity. European novelists such as Joseph Conrad only added to this impressionRead MoreHistory of Education in Northern Nigeria3189 Words   |  13 PagesHISTORY OF EDUCATION IN NORTHERN NIGERIA BY EMMANUEL IWUH/DI: 440 Being a Term Paper Submitted to the Philosophy Department of Dominican institute of Philosophy and Theology, Samonda Ibadan. (In affiliation to the university of Ibadan) In partial Fulfilment for the Award of Bachelor degree in Philosophy. COURSE: TEE/301 HISTORY OF NIGERIA EDUCATION LECTURER REV. FR. EMMANUEL OGU, OP (PhD) MAY, 2012. CONTENT Introduction 1. The word â€Å"education† 2. SpreadRead MoreColonialism in Africa Essay example2840 Words   |  12 Pagesinstability and hunger. These are the major characteristics that dominate most of the states within the continent as a whole. The question would be has it always been this way? Different debates and differences have been focused on the colonial legacy for post-colonial Africa and the nature of colonialism. Various characterizations and conceptions tend to differ considerably among the international relations and African scholars. Between 1800 and 1900, majority of the European powers colonizedRead MoreChinua Achebe As A Nigerian English Novelist Essay1874 Words   |  8 PagesCHINUA ACHEBE AS A NIGERIAN ENGLISH NOVELIST Abstract: Chinua Achebe is the most widely read African novelist in the world today. He has encompassed in his novels one century of history of Nigeria. Achebe highlights various aspects of the Ibo culture in his novels-â€Å"Things Fall Apart†, â€Å"No Longer at Ease†, â€Å"Arrow of God†, â€Å"A Man of the People† and â€Å"Anthills of Savannah†. He is regarded as the invention of the African literature. He takes pride in being ‘a teacher’ of his society and calls upon hisRead MoreThe Conflict Between Tradition And Western Influence On Nigeria1665 Words   |  7 Pagestalent and black pride like Nigeria.† There is certainly truth to these words. The west african country of Nigeria has proven itself to be a successful and enduring land. As the English began exploring and colonizing the land grounded in tradition and folklore, Nigeria effectively adapted and grew. Even when torn apart, Nigeria has pulled itself back together and grown stronger. There are many aspects to Nigeria’s culture that are worth considering. But one aspect of Nigeria has proven itself to be richRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1829 Words   |  8 Pagesand 1900. The novel cannot be fixed like other societal and political old times of Ibo society since it is a fictional novel. However, the novel describes disagreements and anxiety that occurred in Igbo society. It also shows changes initiated by colonial ruling and Christianity. Colonialism affected the people in the Ibo society by destroying of their family’s relationships, friendships, their religion or even created fights between the tribes. Additionally, Christianity attracted the people of the

Security in Internet of Things (IOT)

Question: Discuss about the Security in Internet of Things (IOT). Answer: Introduction The essay is going to depict different security issues relevant to Internet of Things (IOT) and its mitigation processes. Internet of things is a proposed innovation of internet services in which the daily objectives set an organized network connectivity service (Xu, Wendt and Potkonjak 2014). It is increasing in a rapid manner all over the world in workplaces and also for personal uses. In order to build connectivity between the virtual and the real world IOT is used. Mitigation techniques for IOT are going to be illustrated in this essay and network architecture will be proposed to IOT application. The security problems relevant to Internet of Things Every technology has some positive and some negative impact on the field of application. The issues relevant to IOT are provided below: Constraints of high technical nature: As the system includes many traits those are highly technical in nature. Therefore, it required high level privacy in order to balance the security of the application (Yang et al. 2015). The heterogeneous nature of the system and the objective are coming low resource need to be more secure than any other systems. Real time analysis threat: Again the system is adopting cloud service technology in order to improve it from all the technical perspectives. Thus, it might face security threats due to the absence of proper infrastructure. Real time analysis of the data stored in the system of Internet of things from different devices requirement of the cloud service is massive (Premnath and Haas 2015). If the system does not use cloud service then, the storage capacity of the system will come as a biggest threat. Non flexible security: If the security mechanism of the system is not enough updated then, it would not be flexible and reliable from the user aspects. Thus, it can be said that another security relevant issue is the non flexible connectivity of the network. Personal data of the users can be encrypted by the Pervasive environment: Another major security relevant issue is the environment of Internet of things. A secure channel of communication along with the authenticated devices are needed else during transmission of data it might get hacked by the hackers. Security of the system is the most important thing (Lee, Park and Kim 2015). Thus, cloning of the smart devices by manufacturer may be come up as another major security relevant issue (Refer to Appendix 1). Reasons of existence of security issues in Internet of Things There are certain reasons for which the security issue in IOT is found. Applying some of the practices it has been accounted that the substantial reengineering is strictly merged to the devices. In case of factory floor automation systems different programmable logic controllers are embedded to it and finally that operate as a robotic system (Wurm et al. 2016). The robotic system is closely integrated to the IT application field. Unlimited application of various kinds of IOT possesses massive range of security lack. The reasons are as followed: The security issues or challenges exist in IOT It is one of the most dedicated sections of technology application. IOT is relevant to security booting of electronic devices (Zheng et al. 2013). At the same time, it can be said that, being the most widely used technologies the chances of issue occurrence is also most in case of IOT application. Among most of the commonly observed security issues certain issues are discussed below: Hacking: Sometimes, unauthorized people hack user data, password, confidential information etc which is the major security issue of IOT application. Different devices have different processing capabilities: Internet of things (IOT) provides platforms where the devices, manufactured by different manufacturer, connected via internet sources and are able to communicate with each other. Lack of common industry based practices: Due to lack of common industry based practices the application of IOT brings a major security challenge to the users as well as to the manufacturer (Tsai et al. 2015). Therefore, while implementing IOT in any particular application field such as smart home, smart wear, and smart city etc the issue occurs. Connectivity options: As, in case of building of first smart home, a secure network connectivity is required but in most of the cases the network security is found to accessible by unauthorized people. Thus it is another major issue regarding IOT. No future proof: Though IOT application involves modern emerging technologies but due to lack of expertise teams the application is unable to proof strong and secure future (Wurm et al. 2016). The controlled security system includes evolutionary network system in a parallel manner, thus future security of the network connectivity is another major issue. Analysis of a major security issue in IOT The security industry is already familiar to the potential weaknesses such as authentication, encryption etc that affect the IOT system (Ren et al. 2014). Among all the above mentioned security issues the most important issue that is needed to mitigate as soon as possible is authentication issue. In this case unauthorized person can fetch the data from the users without his or her permission. Analysis of hacking issue in IOT The behavior of the IOT devices can be changed by the attackers in many ways. The attacks become more and more difficult in case of physical accesses. Existence of other attacks is also dangerous that took place via internet services basically from different remote locations (Riahi et al. 2014). At the same time, attacks through network might also become serious issue of IOT application. Local attacks such as attack through internet, LAN and Ethernet also might hamper the over service of Internet of things (Yousuf et al. 2015). The devices used for the IOT can be accessed by unauthorized people through either internet, WI FI or via any malware attack. In most of the application fields of IOT two device modes are used such as cloud polling and direct polling. Based on the function dependency the devices use their fields. In cloud polling the devices are strictly and continuously get connected to the cloud platform. During application, the devices are sometimes search for new firmware to apply in the application field and via that version while downloading or installing important software the attackers may attack the device (Suh et al. 2013). Unauthorized users can also become authenticated by using self signed certificate for example SSL (secure socket layer). The certificates will help them to attack the user devices through HTTP connections. Some cases the users devices uses certain verification protocols (Zheng et al. 2013). The protocols do not allow unauthenticated users to access the data but some devices do not have the license to use the verification protocol. In recent cases it has been found that hackers use some crypto protocols or algorithms that can corrupt the complete user devices of IOT. In this case, when the server request the clients for a particular website and the user without any verification access the web address, the attackers send a malware virus through HTTP. The malware then encrypts the programs or files or sometimes the complete OS with its encryption key (Premnath and Haas 2015). The keys used by the attackers are not shared keys these are private key that cannot be access by any other person. This process is known as Crypto Locker process. Therefore, security has become one of the major issues in IOT. Description and security issue resolving processes of IOT In order to mitigate these issues some resolving procedures are also provided. The mitigation techniques are as followed: Effectiveness of advanced resource constraints: IOT is basically resource based constrained network which is efficiently applicable in low bandwidth utilizing communication channels. Firstly, this protocol is able to segment large data packets in small parts and therefore the chances of attacks also reduced in a large rate (Lee, Park and Kim 2015). It consists of advanced cryptographic protocols over the network communication. As the IOT based devices are owned by organizations and by individuals therefore, the data generated by the devices needs proper identity to overcome unauthenticated attacks. Cost deployment in end to end security in IOT: Though cost deployment is a distinct process that helps to innovate, effective and specified application in the field of IOT but it also provides a secure end to end connectivity over the network. According to Raza, Voigt and Jutvik (2012), sometimes innovations increases the productivity cost but in wireless crypto protocols it always provides a secure end to end communication network to the users. Proposed IOT architecture In order to overcome all the security challenges a network architecture model is proposed which is cost effective and efficient as well. In IOT, the systems get attacked by the hackers and at the same time the users are also get affected due to this. During the application of this network model, major security level issues can be reduces in a large amount. According to the model it is a four layered architecture where the initial layer is strictly connected to the rest of the layers. The root layer is sensor and actuator layer which is bi- directionally connected to the IOT devices (Farooq et al. 2015). As the connection is bi-directional thus both the layers have the capabilities to access each other as per their requirements. Then, the IOT devices are bi-directionally connected to the IOT gateway via z-wave, ZigBee or BLE. The IOT gateway has the accessibility power, which can access the IOT platform (containing DBMS, rules engines, Device management systems, rest services- data straeming) via WI FI, GPRS, CoAP. In this architecture, external access is also possible with the help of Email, Call, SMS and Push thus, this is found to be one of the most efficient and security issue resolving architecture (Refer to appendix 2). Conclusion From the above discussion it can be concluded that the security is one of the most important part to be considered while implementing IOT. Several issues and challenges relevant to this are occurring in every day application field. In this essay many security challenges along with security mitigation processes are also illustrated. In addition to this, a new secured architecture is also proposed to IOT. References Elloumi, O., Song, J., Ghamri-Doudane, Y. and Leung, V.C., 2015. IoT/M2M from research to standards: The next steps (part II)[Guest Editorial].IEEE Communications Magazine,53(12), pp.10-11. Farooq, M.U., Waseem, M., Khairi, A. and Mazhar, S., 2015. A critical analysis on the security concerns of internet of things (IoT).International Journal of Computer Applications,111(7). Lee, Y., Park, Y. and Kim, D., 2015, November. Security Threats Analysis and Considerations for Internet of Things. In2015 8th International Conference on Security Technology (SecTech)(pp. 28-30). IEEE. Premnath, S.N. and Haas, Z.J., 2015. Security and privacy in the internet-of-things under time-and-budget-limited adversary model.IEEE Wireless Communications Letters,4(3), pp.277-280. Raza, S., Voigt, T. and Jutvik, V., 2012, March. Lightweight IKEv2: a key management solution for both the compressed IPsec and the IEEE 802.15. 4 security. InProceedings of the IETF workshop on smart object security. Ren, K., Samarati, P., Gruteser, M., Ning, P. and Liu, Y., 2014. Guest Editorial Special Issue on Security for IoT: The State of the Art.IEEE Internet of Things Journal,1(5), pp.369-371. Riahi, A., Natalizio, E., Challal, Y., Mitton, N. and Iera, A., 2014, February. A systemic and cognitive approach for IoT security. InComputing, Networking and Communications (ICNC), 2014 International Conference on(pp. 183-188). IEEE. Suh, H.J., Lee, D.G., Choe, J.S. and Kim, H.W., 2013. IoT security technology trends.The Korea Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science,24(4), pp.27-35. Tsai, C.R., Hsiao, M.C., Shen, W.C., Wu, A.Y.A. and Cheng, C.M., 2015, May. A 1.96 mm 2 low-latency multi-mode crypto-coprocessor for PKC-based IoT security protocols. In2015 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)(pp. 834-837). IEEE. Wurm, J., Hoang, K., Arias, O., Sadeghi, A.R. and Jin, Y., 2016, January. Security analysis on consumer and industrial iot devices. In2016 21st Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)(pp. 519-524). IEEE. Xu, T., Wendt, J.B. and Potkonjak, M., 2014, November. Security of IoT systems: Design challenges and opportunities. InProceedings of the 2014 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design(pp. 417-423). IEEE Press. Yang, J.S., Lee, H.J., Park, M.W. and Eom, J.H., 2015. Security Threats on National Defense ICT based on IoT.Advanced Science and Technology Letters,97, pp.94-98. Yousuf, T., Mahmoud, R., Aloul, F. and Zualkernan, I., 2015. Internet of Things (IoT) Security: Current Status, Challenges and Countermeasures. Zheng, R., Zhang, M., Wu, Q., Yang, C., Wei, W., Zhang, D. and Ma, Z., 2013. An IOT Security Risk Autonomic Assessment Algorithm.Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,11(2), pp.819-826.

Symbolism and Realism in Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert

Nineteenth century gave rise to realistic and symbolic movements that were still closely intertwined with visions creating more ambiguity and ambivalence. Based primarily on the true story, Flaubert’s Madame Bovary was often considered as an example of a romantic novel because of the protagonist delusion outlooks on life, relations and attitudes to people. However, the novel is also seen as the realistic representation because the author resorts to representing romantic delusions that prevent the main heroine from living in a severe reality.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Symbolism and Realism in Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this regard, romanticism is heavily attacked by verisimilitude and disappointment that were experienced by Emma Bovary in her attempts to build an imaginary world full of passion, emotion, and beauty (Flaubert 1033). The author focuses on chara cter development to disclose the ambivalence of the plot and provides realistic details becoming symbolic in light of romantic recession. The character development in the story is presented through Emma’s realization of the imperfection of the world. She lives in a false reality that prevails in her imagination disclosed through cultural modes of visions. The heroine is incapable of distinguishing between the fantasy and reality, between past and present; she also has a false imagination about man. Therefore, the author makes use of realism to make Emma realize that the world is not a romantic fable; it is overwhelmed with problems and routines (Thornton 982). Viewing the novel as a confrontation between romanticism and realism, the novel, on the other hand, provides romantic and illusionary world created by Emma Bovary to detach herself from reality. On the other hand, realism still dominates in the novel because all dreams and utmost expectations are shattered in the end. T he world surrounding the heroine is realistic because reason takes control of emotion. In this respect, Emma’s particular visions dictated by her cultural background prevents her from accepting the real life. Despite the fact that the novel is recognized as a realistic literary work, Flaubert’s quest of distortions and illusions lead to the idea that the work itself is a protest against the dullness of the existence. Such an apposition generates more deliberations on the nature of the novel’s ideas and insights (Doering 80). Flaubert’s deep contempt for reality does not allow him to be detached and indifferent enough for expressing aesthetic distance. The writer’s vacillation between pretentious objectivity and passionate subjectivity prevents him from disclosing his full affiliation to the realistic tendencies of the nineteenth century (Doering 80). Hence, the heroine is more obsessed with her romantic adventures; her aspiration to go beyond the e stablished reality is impossible because the frames within she lives do not allow her to turn her imaginary world into the truth. While reflecting on the essence of Flaubert’s ideas, Doering states that â€Å"the romantic proclamation of the individual’s right to happiness proved illusory because for him happiness itself proved to be an illusion† (79). This melancholy later turned into pessimism and realization of moral solitude, as the writer is aware that real life has no meaning. Despite mentioned instances of romanticism, the novel still proclaims that this movement was gradually suppressed by realistic waves.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the novel, the writer also oversees a significant literary dimension through the display of realistic details. Despite the fact that Flaubert the master of realism, he still refers to reality as to a point o f departure for creator. While striving to render the beauty of the ideal world, the writer also makes use of realistic details to initiate the reader into metaphoric and romantic dimensions of the concealed world created by Madame Bovary. Her false visions are explicitly represented through realistic precision providing a ground for symbolism that forms the core essence of the novel (Black 177). Hence, the main heroine’s hidden world is full of passion, emotion; it is too ideal for reality, but it makes Emma be protected from the boredom and existentialistic tendencies of the nineteenth century’s society. At the same time, the ideal she creates does not fill in her life with sense because she is a constant and desperate search of the unknown, of something that does not actually exist. In conclusion, it can be stated that, although the author has introduced notes of romanticism in the novel, the core of work is still focused on the rise of realistic tendencies that sup press any displays of passion, emotion, and beauty. The proclamation of reason is still accompanied by the author’s rigid confrontation to reality that does not provide people with right to be happy and independent in making decisions. More importantly, the established ambivalence makes the novel even more realistic and compelling as it contribute to better understanding why the era of romanticism was suppressed. Making use of metaphorical dimensions and resorting to the description of realistic details, Flaubert creates a harmonic tandem where romantic spirits serve to render the symbolism of the novel plot as well as the author’s disappointment with the advent of the realism. Works Cited Black, L. C. â€Å"Madame Bovary†: The Artist and the Ideal. College Literature. 12.2 (1985), pp. 176-183 Doering, Bernard. Madame Bovary and Flaubert’s Romanticism. College Literature. 8.1 (1981): pp. 1-11.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Symboli sm and Realism in Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Flaubert, Gustave. Madame Bovary. In The Norton Anthology: Western Literature Volume 2. Ed. Sara Lawall. US: W W Norton. Thornton, Lawrence. The Fairest of Them All: Modes of Vision in Madame Bovary. Modern Language Association. 93.5 (1978): 982-991. This essay on Symbolism and Realism in Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert was written and submitted by user Mustafa H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Disadvantages of Homeschooling Essay Essays

The Disadvantages of Homeschooling Essay Essays The Disadvantages of Homeschooling Essay Paper The Disadvantages of Homeschooling Essay Paper Homeschooling is when pupils are educated at place by parents or coachs instead than go toing public or private school. Many parents home school their kids to maintain them sheltered from the environment and the universe. I believe homeschooling should merely be an option in utmost state of affairss because there are legion disadvantages. The three major disadvantages are the deficiency of resources. the deficiency of forbearance from parents. and the deficiency of socialisation with equals. Students that are homeschooled are non needfully entitled to the resources that pupils go toing public or private school may hold. An article titled â€Å"The Advantages and Disadvantages of Homeschooling† provinces. â€Å"The theory is that schools will hold better books. and the instructors will hold a better instruction than the parent does. and it could function as a disadvantage if the parent is non ready and willing to be the go-to individual for everything. † Teachers. bibliothecs. pupils. and text editions are all considered resources. and most place schooled pupils do non hold handiness to this battalion of resources. This could go a job with the child’s acquisition. I believe it is more effectual if pupils can utilize their equals and other people to better understand what is being taught. and if homeschoolers are being taught by the same individual that is restricting them to one position. Parents besides have to come out of pocket for most of the stuf fs needed for their kid to larn. The cost of these points can besides go a load for the household of a kid that is homeschooled. Parents that take on the function as their child’s teacher have to be really patient. Students are easy discouraged when he or she can non get the hang a topic or a specific lesson in school. As a instructor. the parent has to be certain that they do non go defeated because they have to make full their function as the instructor. The article â€Å"The Advantages and Disadvantages of Homeschooling† provinces. â€Å"It is of import that you are able to divide at times the function of parent and instructor. because you will hold to be at that place for your kid in a different mode in times like these. † The major disadvantage is the student’s deficiency of socialisation with equals. Students that are homeschooled should non be wholly separated from society. They should still interact with other childs in their environment ; they should be involved in athleticss and other extracurricular activities. Harmonizing to the article â€Å"The Advantages and Disadvantages of Homeschooling† . â€Å"An inability to socialise good. shyness that comes with non being around other childs and the inclination to work better as an person. instead than in a squad root from this deficiency of association. † Parents who choose to home school their kids to maintain them off from bad influences. are really impeding them from larning how the existent universe truly is. Attending public school will supply acquisition experiences for pupils. which is better than them being ‘told’ about the universe.

AN INVESTIGATION OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL DISCLOSURE IN ANNUAL REPORTS Research Proposal

AN INVESTIGATION OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL DISCLOSURE IN ANNUAL REPORTS OF Saudi ARABIA FIRMS - Research Proposal Example Facilitating transformation in the traditional structure of annual reports might prove costly, and therefore the more pragmatic approach is to encourage voluntary IC disclosure in a company’s annual reports. Based on the structural framework and objectives of a company, disclosure depends on corporate governance decision. New approach adopted in presenting the annual reports to the readers should help stakeholders make proper value assessment through the company’s intellectual capital (Li et al., 2008:137). In order to meet the goal of profit maximization through enhanced performance, intellectual resources of an organization play an indispensable role. The problem faced is the paucity of IC related information in the annual reports of the four Saudi Arabian banks that have been selected for this paper. Since IC is not legally mandatory for inclusion in annual reports, this component is also considered as â€Å"unaccounted capital† (Abeysekera & Guthrie, 2005: 151). This paper will focus on intellectual capital disclosure in annual reports of Saudi Arabia firms. The necessity of IC information is steadily gaining importance from profit seeking perspective. While details about financial data and physical factors of products are easily available in annual reports of companies, there is now growing demand for disclosure of IC information (Vandemaele et al., 2005: 417). The objective of this paper is to learn how several banks in Saudi Arabia disclose intellectual capital in their annual reports. Further, this paper will explore the contribution of IC theory in the success and development of an organization. For the purpose of address the research objectives, the research question of this paper is â€Å"To what extent is intellectual capital is represented under different categories in the annual reports of Saudi Arabian banks?† The purpose is to learn how human capital is displayed in four

Developing Sociological Imagination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Developing Sociological Imagination - Essay Example They hide at the first sign of trouble, withdrawing into indifference and fear. "Faced with issues they do not understand, with structural forces that they cannot comprehend and over which they appear to have no power, ordinary people withdraw into apathy or anxiety," observed C. Wright Mills, the social scientist who in 1959 blazed the trail on developing a quality of mind that could help ordinary people dissociate themselves from the ostriches in dealing with danger and problems. A false sense of security is all the ostrich example can give us. By developing what came to be known as "sociological imagination," we would know what we are up against. This knowledge will then help us understand any problem that gets in our way to effectively cut it down to size and hopefully cease to elicit fear in us since it is no longer an unknown entity. When we don't feel any threat to the set of values we cherish, it is believed we experience well-being. In the presence of these threats, we experience a crisis. And when we are unaware of any cherished values and feel no threat, this becomes an experience of indifference, apathy if it concerns all our cherished values. However, when unaware of any cherished value but aware of a threat, this results in an experience of uneasiness and anxiety which, if total enough, becomes a deadly unspecified malaise. Sociological Sociological imagination, Mills explains, is the quality of mind urgently needed in our cultural period to cope with the anxiety, uneasiness and indifference that prevail in today's world. Uneasiness and indifference are considered the signal features of our age as a result of the dizzying changes happening in our midst. Governments that used to function as democracies, for example, suddenly fell into the control of despots. In states that were once political colonies, new and subtler forms of imperialism were installed. Societies once relatively peaceful became the object of random and senseless terrorist attacks. Such changes send people out of kilter, giving them the sense of being trapped. We get this sense of being trapped, sociologists believe, when we are not aware of the intricate connection between the pattern of our own lives and the course of history, and what this connection means for the kinds of people we are turning into and the kinds of history-making in which they mi ght take part. To let ourselves out of this trap, we must employ sociology ethically, through sociological imagination, to allow us some sense of control over events by showing how public issues are interconnected with our lives, our history, biographical experiences and social structure milieus. By understanding the larger historical scene in terms of its meaning for the inner life and the external career of a variety of individuals, we will be equipped with information necessary for developing reason that would "achieve lucid summations of what is going on in the world and what may be happening within ourselves." Sociological imagination will enable us to shift from one perspective to another - from the political to the psychological, from examination of a single family to comparative assessment of the world's national budgets, from the theological school to the military establishment, even from studies on the oil industry to that of contemporary poetry. With such

Factors Contributing to Cultural Identity

Factors Contributing to Cultural Identity Cultural identity is assumed to be multidimensional and multifaceted due to cultural diversity and globalization. The concept of cultural identity is relational and constantly evolving. However, it can also be ambiguous, fragmented, paradoxical, and problematic. In resolving these challenges, immigrants undergo self and cultural identity transformation in order to achieve understanding, harmony, and balance within themselves, their environment, and their connection with others . It is necessary to address the definition of culture before discussing cultural identity. Nieto states that culture consists of an ever-changing system of values, traditions, social and political relationships, and world views created and shared by a group of people bound together by a combination of factors that can include shared history, geographic location, language, social class, and/or religion, and how these are transformed by those who share them. In everyday social situations, we use culture to express and give meaning to our identity, which in turn is used to construct affiliations with and boundaries between other individuals and groups . Many historians provided different definitions of cultural identity; some important definitions are given here: According to Lustig and Koester, cultural identity is a sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group. It is formed in a process that results from membership in a particular culture, and it involves learning about and accepting the traditions, heritage, language, religion, ancestry, aesthetics, thinking, patterns, and social structures of culture . Stuart Hall gave two different ways of thinking about cultural identity: the first in terms of one, shared culture, a sort of collective one true self, hiding inside the many other, more superficial or artificially imposed selves, which people with a shared history and ancestry hold in common. Cultural identity, in the second sense, is a matter of becoming as well as of being. It belongs to the future as much as to the past. It is not something which already exists, transcending place, time, history and culture. Cult ural identities come from somewhere, have histories. However, like everything which is historical, they undergo constant transformation. Far from being eternally fixed in some essential past, they are subject to the continuous play of history, culture and power . Culture and cultural identity in the study of intercultural relations have become umbrella terms that subsume racial and ethnic identity. This means both racial identity and ethnic identity lead to the development of the concept of cultural identity. However, these terms have different meanings. For example, race is a classification of the humans, usually by genetic similarities passed hereditarily. Ethnicity has a range of distinctive features, passed by socialization from one generation to another. There are never clear boundaries, cultural or geographic, that mark the limits of ethnic groups, but a group usually shares common culture, language, religion, and behaviors . In this paper, the term ethnic identity is more often synonymously used to refer to cultural identity. However, as I discussed in the previous chapter acculturation is different from ethnic identity. These two are related but separate constructs. Acculturation refers to how ethnic minority individuals adapt to the dominant culture and the changes in their beliefs, values, and behavior that result from contact with the new culture and its members. By contrast, ethnic identity involves an individuals self-identification as a group member, a sense of belonging to an ethnic group, attitudes toward ethnic group membership, and degree of ethnic group affiliation or involvement . For Asian Indians, family is the main element which influences the development of cultural identity. Mainly the parents transmit ethnic identity to their children using a process of enculturation or ethnic socialization. Parents directly and indirectly model and reinforce ethnic behaviors to their children about the traditions, beliefs, and values associated with their cultural background . Children are socialized to be obedient, and are expected to bring honor to their families by exhibiting good behavior, maintaining high academic achievement, and contributing to the well-being of the family. Furthermore, because Indian self-identity is defined by the family and is established by a surname that affiliates individuals to a religion, social class, language, and a state in India, second-generation immigrants face an added challenge of creating a sense of self based on conflicting cultural allegiances. Therefore, the process of adolescent self identification may involve a refusal to ac cept the choice of being either American or Asian Indian and an attempt to create a new self-definition by finding out how to be an Asian Indian on ones own terms rather than on the parents mode of acculturation or preferred ethnic identity . A second important difference between the parents and children is that the phenomenon of adolescence, as it is broadly conceptualized in Western society, rarely exists among traditional Asian Indian families. Although all Asian Indian cultural communities have rites of passage associated with the onset of biological puberty, there is no corresponding change in adolescents roles, status, responsibilities, or autonomy in decision-making . Thus, given the differences between the belief systems of Western and Indian societies and the fact that most immigrant parents expect their children to maintain the traditional values and lifestyles of Indian culture, misunderstanding, miscommunication, and conflict are likely to occur in Asian Indian families . The common pattern for first-generation Asian Indians is to affirm their ethnicity, generally by reinventing Asian Indian culture on foreign soil (Dasgupta, 1998, p. 965-966). Often, Asian Indian immigrants are more Indian than the people they left behind, and they may retain a sense of a culture that no longer exists on the Indian continent. Despite the influence of social class and generation on their cultural identity and world view, many maintain a traditional value system many years after immigration . However second-generation Indian Americans, who do not maintain the traditional value system of their parents, understand the influence of their new culture also affects their ethnic identity development. Uba noted that there are three aspects of Asian American ethnic identity that can be distinguished. These aspects are 1) consciousness of ethnicity, 2) adoption of an ethnic identity; and 3) application of that ethnic identity. Some Asian Americans will strongly identify with many aspects of Asian American ethnicity, but some will only acknowledge that they belong to an Asian American ethnic group. Furthermore, they may deny that they have anything in common with members of their ethnic group . Some may identify with their ethnic group to the extent of knowing the history of the ethnic group and still see the ethnic group as irrelevant today, and some others may identify socially with the ethnic group but have no knowledge of its history . Formation and Development of Cultural Identity The process of identity formation has received much attention in literature. Many models have been proposed to explain the process of identity formation in various ethnic and cultural minority groups. A common feature of these models is that identity formation of ethnic and cultural minorities in the United States occurs in the context of the dominant culture. Phinney maintained that the process of identity formation does not proceed in a linear direction. He proposed a bi-directional model based on an ethnic persons affiliation with his or her ethnic group and his or her acculturation in the mainstream White culture. This model allows an ethnic person four possibilities: a) a strong bicultural identity, b) a strong ethnic identity but a weak identification with mainstream culture, c) a weak ethnic identity but a strong identification with mainstream culture, and d) a weak identification with both cultures. Most educated South Asian immigrants probably fall in category a) with a relatively small number in b) and c), and only a few in category d) . Nieto states individuals growing up in a multicultural environment may develop multicultural and hybrid identities. That is, race, ethnicity, gender, social class, ability, national origin, religion, and other differences combine to influence who immigrants are and how they identify themselves. I mmigrants identify in multiple ways, based on such factors as family structure, race, sexual orientation, and national origin. In spite of these differences, they share a need to belong and to feel free to explore who they are. According to this, identities also change in response to the sociopolitical contexts in which people live. Further, Nieto states that identities have been shaped and continue to be influenced by the people with whom one interacts and the material and social conditions of ones lives . This is, in fact, what Lessinger found in her study, which indicates that people have developed what she calls a transnational identity . Another influence on identity formation that is important to consider is the identity that the dominant White society assigns to members of the visible racial and ethnic groups. The degree to which this affects individual members of a particular group varies from person to person. The whole question of ethnic identity becomes more complex. In the case of biracial children, the numbers seem to be increasing. Sodowsky et al. have identified certain cultural value variables for Asian Indian Americans to some extent. Counselors may find them useful in trying to understand the attitudes and values of South Asian clients . Cultural identity development could involve three stages according to Phinneys model: unexamined cultural identity, cultural identity search, and cultural identity achievement . Unexamined cultural identity is the phase in which immigrants are not aware of ethnic, cultural, or racial differences between themselves and others. (During an unexamined cultural identity stage, immigrants do not typically examine or question their cultural, ethnic, or racial identity). Instead they tend to take their cultural values, norms, beliefs, customs, and other characteristics for granted and are not aware of ethnic, cultural, or racial differences between themselves and others. They rarely show any interest in discovering their backgrounds. However, over time immigrants are confronted with cultural, ethnic, and racial conflict that creates difficulty and confusion in their lives. During this time, they begin their cultural identity search regarding self and others. The immigrants may experience a personal event, hear a comment made by a friend or neighbors or see a message through mass media such as television, the internet, a newspaper, a magazine, or a billboard that triggers a question about their ethnic, cultural or racial identity. They become aware of cultural, ethnic, and racial differences and begin to explore and discover aspects of identity. They may pursue social interaction with cultural and ethnic groups with which they identify, and they may participate in ethnic, cultural, social, and service organizations. In this continuous process, they also reflect and evaluate themselves, others, the world, and how they fit within the various groups. The individuals values, morals, ethics, and beliefs are being influ enced and shaped . In extending Phinneys second phase of cultural identity development, some immigrants experience an identity crisis during this stage. Immigrants struggling with an identity crisis often perceive themselves as belonging to a particular ethnic, cultural, and racial group, but their peers are communicating to them that they do not belong to their group because they do not have similar physical and behavioral characteristics. An immigrant as a minority in a dominant group who denies their ethnic, cultural, and racial identity is known to have an identity crisis. In addition, if the person is exposed to cultural events, activities, educational material, and friendships from the same cultural/ethnic group, this will help him or her to develop a healthy ethnic/cultural identity . When Asian American Indian immigrants suffer a crisis, they revert to their Asian heritage and reject all mainstream and other ethnic minority assumptions and values. Sue explained about this stage that, they may seek out and set up tentative alliances with other minority groups that have been similarly oppressed. Sue further noted that these alliances can be fragile and may disappear when Asian Indian Americans have conflicts with other minorities . The final phase is a cultural identity achievement, where individuals have developed a fairly solid grasp of their own cultural identity. They have reached a state of clarity, confidence, understanding, appreciation, and acceptance of that identity. If they are confronted with discrimination and stereotypical comments, these individuals are able to avoid internalizing the negative communications. This does not mean that negative comments by others are not hurtful to the individual, but that he or she does not question his or her cultural identity. The immigrant generation accepts cultural differences in this stage. There is no pre-encounter or conformity stage as postulated by the models of minority ethnic identity models. The acceptance of cultural differences is a reality of life for this group. In this stage, most Asian Americans are proud of their identity and do not consider it a hindrance. They have completely bought into the American dream that hard work will overcome all diff erences . All these stages of identity formation and development differ for the first, second or third-generation of Asian Indian Americans. The cultural identity development of Asian Indian Americans depends on different elements such as gender, age, class, spiritual, national, regional, and personal identities, which will be considered in more depth below. Elements of Cultural Identity There are various elements of cultural identities such as race, gender, age, class, spiritual, national, regional, and personal identities. Some of these elements are discussed with respective of Asian Indian Americans. Race Research on Asian Americans has assumed race as the most significant, or salient, aspect of identity. Racial identity refers to a sense of group or collective identity based on ones perception that he or she shares a common heritage with a particular racial group . Racial identity most often categorizes individuals based on skin color. Furthermore, people tend to focus on the most visible characteristics, usually regarding race and sex. South Asians are generally regarded as part of visible racial and ethnic minorities. However, Indian immigrants come in all skin colors, from fairest to darkest, and have different facial features. Indian college students, despite their relatively higher educational and occupational status, struggle with an idea of an exclusive racial identity . Gender Gender identity deals with the feminine, masculine aspect of identity. Gender may be a variable in cultural identify in those cultures in which men are more likely to get jobs in the mainstream culture while the women remain at home. There may also be different cultural expectations for men and women, such as the assumption that women are the carriers of ethnic traditions. The very little research that addresses this issue suggests a greater involvement in ethnicity by women than by men. Gender roles are clearly demarcated in Asian Indian American cultures. Obviously, the migrating generation would be most rigid in its definition of gender roles . According to Indian culture, men and women would be strictly bound by the demands of their ethnic culture and their host culture. For instance, men manage business outside the home, while women manage the home. This practice is more widespread in India; to a certain degree it reflects attitudes in the United States as well, though this cust om has slowly been losing its appeal. The role of men and women among Asian Indian Americans varies with generational and educational level, as well as with social class, and economic stability. Men experience a great deal of stress in regard to their role, especially in cross cultural contexts. As immigrants, their family expects them to display their authority in order to make clear to other cultural groups that they are in control of their family. Also, men make the final decision on major topics such as career and property matters, however, women participate in the decision making process, only through private conversations with their husbands. Accordingly, this separation of gender roles also creates a considerable social segregation between the two genders . This however does not mean that the men were able to make decisions without regard for the opinions of others. In actuality, the power and control in the family reside with the oldest person, regardless of gender, and even when the oldest person in the family is far away . Woollett et al. noted that among Asian Indian women, the social construction of gender and ethnicity is fluid and changing, based on the maternal status of the woman. They also state that ethnicity and ethnic identity are not homogenous categories, but operate across gender. The experience of marginality, and being on the outside of the host culture, creates stronger bonds within a family and less rigid gender identification and boundaries . Age Age is the dimension where interactants may identify themselves as young, middle-aged, and old based on actual age, appearance, and how they feel. Parents are to be honored and revered. It is assumed that the older a person gets, the more maturity and knowledge he or she has. Older people are respected for these attributes. Families go to elders to resolve familial conflicts. They also turn to older family members for advice and support when they are in a crisis or when relationships are disrupted in social or work relationships . Children of South Asian immigrants are socialized into two cultures, the culture of the family and the culture of the larger American society. Most parents try to inculcate ethnic pride and awareness of their cultural heritage in their children. For young school-age children, this sometimes poses a problem. They stand out because of their physical appearance and for that reason are often teased or rejected by other children. Most young children lack the inner resources to deal with such hostility and to base their self-esteem on their ethnic heritage. They want to be like everyone else so they can fit in with the crowd and shed any cultural trait that sets them apart.

Surrealism in The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock :: Love Song J. Alfred Prufrock

Surrealism in The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Surrealism is a dangerous word to use about the poet, playwright and critic T.S. Eliot, and certainly with his first major work, "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock ". Eliot wrote the poem, after all, years before Andre Breton and his compatriots began defining and practicing "surrealism" proper. Andre Breton published his first "Manifesto of Surrealism" in 1924, seven years after Eliot's publication of "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock". It was this manifesto which defined the movement in philosophical and psychological terms. Moreover, Eliot would later show indifference, incomprehension and at times hostility toward surrealism and its precursor Dada. Eliot's favourites among his French contemporaries weren't surrealists, but were rather the figures of St. John Perse and Paul Verlaine, among others. This does not mean Eliot had nothing in common with surrealist poetry, but the facts that both Eliot and the Surrealists owed much to Charles Baudelaire's can perhaps best explain any similarity "strangely evocative explorations of the symbolic suggestions of objects and images." Its unusual, sometimes startling juxtapositions often characterize surrealism, by which it tries to transcend logic and habitual thinking, to reveal deeper levels of meaning and of unconscious associations. Although scholars might not classify Eliot as a Surrealist, the surreal landscape, defined as "an attempt to express the workings of the subconscious mind by images without order, as in a dream " is exemplified in "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock." "Prufrock presents a symbolic landscape where the meaning emerges from the mutual interaction of the images, and that meaning is enlarged by echoes, often heroic," of other writers. The juxtapositions mentioned earlier are evident even at the poem's opening, which begins on a rather sombre note, with a nightmarish passage from Dante's Inferno. The main character, Guido de Montefeltro, confesses his sins to Dante, assuming that "none has ever returned alive from this depth"; this "depth" being Hell. As the reader has never experienced death and the passage through the Underworld, he must rely on his own imagination (and/or subconscious) to place a proper reference onto this cryptic opening. Images of a landscape of fire and brimstone come to mind as do images of the two characters sharing a surprisingly casual

Sedimentary Rocks

Plate tectonics are responsible for many of Earth’s natural occurrences. From volcanoes to earthquakes plate tectonics play are large role. Another natural occurrence that is not is discussed as much as volcanoes and earthquakes is the formation of sedimentary rock. Plate tectonics also plays a major role in the formation of this type of rock. Plate tectonics is a term that is used to describe how the different plates that make up the Earth move and the reactions that occur as they are moving. Before explaining how plate tectonics are related the concept of sediments must be understood. Sediments are pieces of solid material are deposited on Earth’s surface by way of wind, water, ice, gravity or chemical precipitation. This occurs through weather and erosion (McClearly, 2005). As convergent plates move towards each other, one plate is subducted under the other plate and as this is occurring the plates are moving accumulated sediment and rocks with them. Divergent boundaries also have an effect on sedimentary rock. In divergent movement the plates are moving away from each other and the young sedimentary rock is pushed to the open boundary (Ryan, 2008). Sedimentary rock actually originates from the disposition of the sediments after they are moved by the movement of plates. The climate controls how sediments are moved and how the rock weather. After weathering and erosion has occurred the sediments stop moving and settle. Where they settle is known as their disposition. The origination of sedimentary work is a combination of natural processes that result in the disposition of sediment. The way the sediment is actually formed is a process known as Lithification. Lithification is physical and chemical processes which loose sediment is transformed into sedimentary rock. Lithification begins with compaction. The weight of sediments on top of other sediments forces the sediment grains closer together, which results in physical changes. The next process that occurs is through a chemical process known as cementation. Cementation occurs when mineral growth, in combination with high temperatures, cement sediment grains together into solid rock (McClearly, 2008). After sedimentary rock is formed then it is organized on the Earth’s surface. The pattern of organization is known as bedding. Bedding is the layered arrangement of strata in a group of sediment or sedimentary rock. Over time strata’s that are adjacent to each other may look different because the mineral composition of the sediments in a specific location may changes or the way the sediments are transported or deposited may be different. The bedding surface, which is the boundary between adjacent strata, is the indication that rock was once sediment. Once sediments have been formed they are classified into three different categories. The first is clastic sedimentary rock. These rocks are formed from the sediment and debris from weathering and erosion. There are four different types of clastic, conglomerate (gravel), sandstone (sand),siltstone (silt), and mudstone (mud) or shale. These four categories are characterized by the size of their particles. The next category of sedimentary rock is chemical sedimentary rock. These rocks are formed by precipitation of minerals dissolved in lakes, rivers or sea water. This precipitation can occur is two ways. The first is plants and animals living in water can alter the chemical balance of the water which has an effect on the sediments. The second way is the evaporation of fresh water because of warm dry climates, which leads to increased salinity, the salts become solid because they are not dissolving. The last category of sedimentary rock is biogenic sedimentary rock. These rocks are formed from sediments that are primarily composed of plant and animal remains. This can include the hard shells of animals as well as the bones and teeth. From plants this can include fragments of plant matter such as roots, wood and leaves (Murck, Skinner, Mackenzie, 2008). Since there are three categories of sedimentary rock differentiating in the three is important. One way to tell the difference in the rock is the physical characteristics or physical location. Clastic rock is in the form of gravel, sand, slit or mud, which are all easily recognizable. Chemical sedimentary rock will be located in areas with water such as seas and lakes, since the chemical process which creates these rocks are done inside of water. Biogenic sedimentary rock is easily recognizable because these rocks will have pieces of animal or plant matter in them. Fossils can be carved out of these types of sedimentary rock (McClearly, 2005). Sedimentary rock is one type of rock that is located all over the world. From mountains to oceans sedimentary rocks can be found. With the combination of plate tectonics, weather and erosion sedimentary rocks are formed. Clastic, chemical and biogenic rocks are all very different but together they make up the category of sedimentary rocks.

The Secret to Humor is Surprise in The Weather of New...

Critical Analysis Essay â€Å"The secret to humor is surprise-Aristotle.† The two stories Im going to talk about â€Å"The Weather of New England† by Mark Twain and â€Å"The Dog That Bit People† by James Thurber are both strange humorous essay with a twist. Both stories have a central conflict, in â€Å"The Dog That Bit People† a family is burden with a dog that bites everyone, including the narrator. â€Å"The Weather of New England† talks about the weather of the new colonies and how spontaneous they were and the different forms they came in. Both humorous authors use style, tone, and perspective as a technique to tell their story and conflicts. Mark Twain uses style in â€Å"The Weather of New England†, when he uses words like â€Å"sumptuous† and â€Å"Centennial† to describe whats going on in the story. The author refers to the weather as â€Å"sumptuous† saying that there are splendid and lavish varieties of the weather of New England that cause a stranger to admire and regret or pity the weather. He also says that â€Å"the brightest gems in the New England weather is the dazzling uncertainty.† The authors uses words like â€Å"dazzling† to show his style. His style is sarcastic because he makes the uncertainty of not knowing what the weathers going to be as a good thing when really the unexpected weather is causing problems. The author of The Dog That Bit People James Thurber on one hand uses hyperboles like Mark Twain ,but on the